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/* @(#)e_asin.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
/*
* ====================================================
* Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software is freely granted, provided that this notice
* is preserved.
* ====================================================
*/
/* Modified by Naohiko Shimizu/Tokai University, Japan 1997/08/25,
for performance improvement on pipelined processors.
*/
#if defined(LIBM_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
static char rcsid[] = "$NetBSD: e_asin.c,v 1.9 1995/05/12 04:57:22 jtc Exp $";
#endif
/* __ieee754_asin(x)
* Method :
* Since asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
* we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
* asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
* where
* R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
* and its remez error is bounded by
* |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
*
* For x in [0.5,1]
* asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
* Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
* then for x>0.98
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
* For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
* f = hi part of s;
* c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f) ...f+c=sqrt(z)
* and
* asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
* = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
*
* Special cases:
* if x is NaN, return x itself;
* if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
*
*/
#include "math.h"
#include "math_private.h"
#define one qS[0]
#ifdef __STDC__
static const double
#else
static double
#endif
huge = 1.000e+300,
pio2_hi = 1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
pio2_lo = 6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
pio4_hi = 7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
/* coefficient for R(x^2) */
pS[] = {1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
-3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
-4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
3.47933107596021167570e-05}, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
qS[] = {1.0, -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
-6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
7.70381505559019352791e-02}; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
#ifdef __STDC__
double __ieee754_asin(double x)
#else
double __ieee754_asin(x)
double x;
#endif
{
double t,w,p,q,c,r,s,p1,p2,p3,q1,q2,z2,z4,z6;
int32_t hx,ix;
GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
if(ix>= 0x3ff00000) { /* |x|>= 1 */
u_int32_t lx;
GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
/* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
return (x-x)/(x-x); /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
} else if (ix<0x3fe00000) { /* |x|<0.5 */
if(ix<0x3e400000) { /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
} else {
t = x*x;
#ifdef DO_NOT_USE_THIS
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
#else
p1 = t*pS[0]; z2=t*t;
p2 = pS[1]+t*pS[2]; z4=z2*z2;
p3 = pS[3]+t*pS[4]; z6=z4*z2;
q1 = one+t*qS[1];
q2 = qS[2]+t*qS[3];
p = p1 + z2*p2 + z4*p3 + z6*pS[5];
q = q1 + z2*q2 + z4*qS[4];
#endif
w = p/q;
return x+x*w;
}
}
/* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
w = one-fabs(x);
t = w*0.5;
#ifdef DO_NOT_USE_THIS
p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
#else
p1 = t*pS[0]; z2=t*t;
p2 = pS[1]+t*pS[2]; z4=z2*z2;
p3 = pS[3]+t*pS[4]; z6=z4*z2;
q1 = one+t*qS[1];
q2 = qS[2]+t*qS[3];
p = p1 + z2*p2 + z4*p3 + z6*pS[5];
q = q1 + z2*q2 + z4*qS[4];
#endif
s = __ieee754_sqrt(t);
if(ix>=0x3FEF3333) { /* if |x| > 0.975 */
w = p/q;
t = pio2_hi-(2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
} else {
w = s;
SET_LOW_WORD(w,0);
c = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
r = p/q;
p = 2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-2.0*c);
q = pio4_hi-2.0*w;
t = pio4_hi-(p-q);
}
if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
}
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