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-/*
- * Copyright (c) 1985, 1993
- * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- * must display the following acknowledgement:
- * This product includes software developed by the University of
- * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- * without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef lint
-static char sccsid[] = "@(#)pow.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
-#endif /* not lint */
-
-/* POW(X,Y)
- * RETURN X**Y
- * DOUBLE PRECISION (VAX D format 56 bits, IEEE DOUBLE 53 BITS)
- * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/8/85;
- * REVISED BY K.C. NG on 7/10/85.
- * KERNEL pow_P() REPLACED BY P. McILROY 7/22/92.
- * Required system supported functions:
- * scalb(x,n)
- * logb(x)
- * copysign(x,y)
- * finite(x)
- * drem(x,y)
- *
- * Required kernel functions:
- * exp__D(a,c) exp(a + c) for |a| << |c|
- * struct d_double dlog(x) r.a + r.b, |r.b| < |r.a|
- *
- * Method
- * 1. Compute and return log(x) in three pieces:
- * log(x) = n*ln2 + hi + lo,
- * where n is an integer.
- * 2. Perform y*log(x) by simulating muti-precision arithmetic and
- * return the answer in three pieces:
- * y*log(x) = m*ln2 + hi + lo,
- * where m is an integer.
- * 3. Return x**y = exp(y*log(x))
- * = 2^m * ( exp(hi+lo) ).
- *
- * Special cases:
- * (anything) ** 0 is 1 ;
- * (anything) ** 1 is itself;
- * (anything) ** NaN is NaN;
- * NaN ** (anything except 0) is NaN;
- * +(anything > 1) ** +INF is +INF;
- * -(anything > 1) ** +INF is NaN;
- * +-(anything > 1) ** -INF is +0;
- * +-(anything < 1) ** +INF is +0;
- * +(anything < 1) ** -INF is +INF;
- * -(anything < 1) ** -INF is NaN;
- * +-1 ** +-INF is NaN and signal INVALID;
- * +0 ** +(anything except 0, NaN) is +0;
- * -0 ** +(anything except 0, NaN, odd integer) is +0;
- * +0 ** -(anything except 0, NaN) is +INF and signal DIV-BY-ZERO;
- * -0 ** -(anything except 0, NaN, odd integer) is +INF with signal;
- * -0 ** (odd integer) = -( +0 ** (odd integer) );
- * +INF ** +(anything except 0,NaN) is +INF;
- * +INF ** -(anything except 0,NaN) is +0;
- * -INF ** (odd integer) = -( +INF ** (odd integer) );
- * -INF ** (even integer) = ( +INF ** (even integer) );
- * -INF ** -(anything except integer,NaN) is NaN with signal;
- * -(x=anything) ** (k=integer) is (-1)**k * (x ** k);
- * -(anything except 0) ** (non-integer) is NaN with signal;
- *
- * Accuracy:
- * pow(x,y) returns x**y nearly rounded. In particular, on a SUN, a VAX,
- * and a Zilog Z8000,
- * pow(integer,integer)
- * always returns the correct integer provided it is representable.
- * In a test run with 100,000 random arguments with 0 < x, y < 20.0
- * on a VAX, the maximum observed error was 1.79 ulps (units in the
- * last place).
- *
- * Constants :
- * The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
- * The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
- * from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
- * shown.
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
-#include "mathimpl.h"
-
-#if (defined(vax) || defined(tahoe))
-#define TRUNC(x) x = (double) (float) x
-#define _IEEE 0
-#else
-#define _IEEE 1
-#define endian (((*(int *) &one)) ? 1 : 0)
-#define TRUNC(x) *(((int *) &x)+endian) &= 0xf8000000
-#define infnan(x) 0.0
-#endif /* vax or tahoe */
-
-const static double zero=0.0, one=1.0, two=2.0, negone= -1.0;
-
-static double pow_P __P((double, double));
-
-double pow(x,y)
-double x,y;
-{
- double t;
- if (y==zero)
- return (one);
- else if (y==one || (_IEEE && x != x))
- return (x); /* if x is NaN or y=1 */
- else if (_IEEE && y!=y) /* if y is NaN */
- return (y);
- else if (!finite(y)) /* if y is INF */
- if ((t=fabs(x))==one) /* +-1 ** +-INF is NaN */
- return (y - y);
- else if (t>one)
- return ((y<0)? zero : ((x<zero)? y-y : y));
- else
- return ((y>0)? zero : ((x<0)? y-y : -y));
- else if (y==two)
- return (x*x);
- else if (y==negone)
- return (one/x);
- /* x > 0, x == +0 */
- else if (copysign(one, x) == one)
- return (pow_P(x, y));
-
- /* sign(x)= -1 */
- /* if y is an even integer */
- else if ( (t=drem(y,two)) == zero)
- return (pow_P(-x, y));
-
- /* if y is an odd integer */
- else if (copysign(t,one) == one)
- return (-pow_P(-x, y));
-
- /* Henceforth y is not an integer */
- else if (x==zero) /* x is -0 */
- return ((y>zero)? -x : one/(-x));
- else if (_IEEE)
- return (zero/zero);
- else
- return (infnan(EDOM));
-}
-/* kernel function for x >= 0 */
-static double
-#ifdef _ANSI_SOURCE
-pow_P(double x, double y)
-#else
-pow_P(x, y) double x, y;
-#endif
-{
- struct Double s, t, __log__D();
- double __exp__D(), huge = 1e300, tiny = 1e-300;
-
- if (x == zero)
- if (y > zero)
- return (zero);
- else if (_IEEE)
- return (huge*huge);
- else
- return (infnan(ERANGE));
- if (x == one)
- return (one);
- if (!finite(x))
- if (y < zero)
- return (zero);
- else if (_IEEE)
- return (huge*huge);
- else
- return (infnan(ERANGE));
- if (y >= 7e18) /* infinity */
- if (x < 1)
- return(tiny*tiny);
- else if (_IEEE)
- return (huge*huge);
- else
- return (infnan(ERANGE));
-
- /* Return exp(y*log(x)), using simulated extended */
- /* precision for the log and the multiply. */
-
- s = __log__D(x);
- t.a = y;
- TRUNC(t.a);
- t.b = y - t.a;
- t.b = s.b*y + t.b*s.a;
- t.a *= s.a;
- s.a = t.a + t.b;
- s.b = (t.a - s.a) + t.b;
- return (__exp__D(s.a, s.b));
-}