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-/*
- * Copyright (c) 1985, 1993
- * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- * must display the following acknowledgement:
- * This product includes software developed by the University of
- * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
- * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- * without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef lint
-static char sccsid[] = "@(#)exp.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
-#endif /* not lint */
-
-/* EXP(X)
- * RETURN THE EXPONENTIAL OF X
- * DOUBLE PRECISION (IEEE 53 bits, VAX D FORMAT 56 BITS)
- * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 1/19/85;
- * REVISED BY K.C. NG on 2/6/85, 2/15/85, 3/7/85, 3/24/85, 4/16/85, 6/14/86.
- *
- * Required system supported functions:
- * scalb(x,n)
- * copysign(x,y)
- * finite(x)
- *
- * Method:
- * 1. Argument Reduction: given the input x, find r and integer k such
- * that
- * x = k*ln2 + r, |r| <= 0.5*ln2 .
- * r will be represented as r := z+c for better accuracy.
- *
- * 2. Compute exp(r) by
- *
- * exp(r) = 1 + r + r*R1/(2-R1),
- * where
- * R1 = x - x^2*(p1+x^2*(p2+x^2*(p3+x^2*(p4+p5*x^2)))).
- *
- * 3. exp(x) = 2^k * exp(r) .
- *
- * Special cases:
- * exp(INF) is INF, exp(NaN) is NaN;
- * exp(-INF)= 0;
- * for finite argument, only exp(0)=1 is exact.
- *
- * Accuracy:
- * exp(x) returns the exponential of x nearly rounded. In a test run
- * with 1,156,000 random arguments on a VAX, the maximum observed
- * error was 0.869 ulps (units in the last place).
- *
- * Constants:
- * The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following constants.
- * The decimal values may be used, provided that the compiler will convert
- * from decimal to binary accurately enough to produce the hexadecimal values
- * shown.
- */
-
-#include "mathimpl.h"
-
-vc(ln2hi, 6.9314718055829871446E-1 ,7217,4031,0000,f7d0, 0, .B17217F7D00000)
-vc(ln2lo, 1.6465949582897081279E-12 ,bcd5,2ce7,d9cc,e4f1, -39, .E7BCD5E4F1D9CC)
-vc(lnhuge, 9.4961163736712506989E1 ,ec1d,43bd,9010,a73e, 7, .BDEC1DA73E9010)
-vc(lntiny,-9.5654310917272452386E1 ,4f01,c3bf,33af,d72e, 7,-.BF4F01D72E33AF)
-vc(invln2, 1.4426950408889634148E0 ,aa3b,40b8,17f1,295c, 1, .B8AA3B295C17F1)
-vc(p1, 1.6666666666666602251E-1 ,aaaa,3f2a,a9f1,aaaa, -2, .AAAAAAAAAAA9F1)
-vc(p2, -2.7777777777015591216E-3 ,0b60,bc36,ec94,b5f5, -8,-.B60B60B5F5EC94)
-vc(p3, 6.6137563214379341918E-5 ,b355,398a,f15f,792e, -13, .8AB355792EF15F)
-vc(p4, -1.6533902205465250480E-6 ,ea0e,b6dd,5f84,2e93, -19,-.DDEA0E2E935F84)
-vc(p5, 4.1381367970572387085E-8 ,bb4b,3431,2683,95f5, -24, .B1BB4B95F52683)
-
-#ifdef vccast
-#define ln2hi vccast(ln2hi)
-#define ln2lo vccast(ln2lo)
-#define lnhuge vccast(lnhuge)
-#define lntiny vccast(lntiny)
-#define invln2 vccast(invln2)
-#define p1 vccast(p1)
-#define p2 vccast(p2)
-#define p3 vccast(p3)
-#define p4 vccast(p4)
-#define p5 vccast(p5)
-#endif
-
-ic(p1, 1.6666666666666601904E-1, -3, 1.555555555553E)
-ic(p2, -2.7777777777015593384E-3, -9, -1.6C16C16BEBD93)
-ic(p3, 6.6137563214379343612E-5, -14, 1.1566AAF25DE2C)
-ic(p4, -1.6533902205465251539E-6, -20, -1.BBD41C5D26BF1)
-ic(p5, 4.1381367970572384604E-8, -25, 1.6376972BEA4D0)
-ic(ln2hi, 6.9314718036912381649E-1, -1, 1.62E42FEE00000)
-ic(ln2lo, 1.9082149292705877000E-10,-33, 1.A39EF35793C76)
-ic(lnhuge, 7.1602103751842355450E2, 9, 1.6602B15B7ECF2)
-ic(lntiny,-7.5137154372698068983E2, 9, -1.77AF8EBEAE354)
-ic(invln2, 1.4426950408889633870E0, 0, 1.71547652B82FE)
-
-double exp(x)
-double x;
-{
- double z,hi,lo,c;
- int k;
-
-#if !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe)
- if(x!=x) return(x); /* x is NaN */
-#endif /* !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe) */
- if( x <= lnhuge ) {
- if( x >= lntiny ) {
-
- /* argument reduction : x --> x - k*ln2 */
-
- k=invln2*x+copysign(0.5,x); /* k=NINT(x/ln2) */
-
- /* express x-k*ln2 as hi-lo and let x=hi-lo rounded */
-
- hi=x-k*ln2hi;
- x=hi-(lo=k*ln2lo);
-
- /* return 2^k*[1+x+x*c/(2+c)] */
- z=x*x;
- c= x - z*(p1+z*(p2+z*(p3+z*(p4+z*p5))));
- return scalb(1.0+(hi-(lo-(x*c)/(2.0-c))),k);
-
- }
- /* end of x > lntiny */
-
- else
- /* exp(-big#) underflows to zero */
- if(finite(x)) return(scalb(1.0,-5000));
-
- /* exp(-INF) is zero */
- else return(0.0);
- }
- /* end of x < lnhuge */
-
- else
- /* exp(INF) is INF, exp(+big#) overflows to INF */
- return( finite(x) ? scalb(1.0,5000) : x);
-}
-
-/* returns exp(r = x + c) for |c| < |x| with no overlap. */
-
-double __exp__D(x, c)
-double x, c;
-{
- double z,hi,lo, t;
- int k;
-
-#if !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe)
- if (x!=x) return(x); /* x is NaN */
-#endif /* !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe) */
- if ( x <= lnhuge ) {
- if ( x >= lntiny ) {
-
- /* argument reduction : x --> x - k*ln2 */
- z = invln2*x;
- k = z + copysign(.5, x);
-
- /* express (x+c)-k*ln2 as hi-lo and let x=hi-lo rounded */
-
- hi=(x-k*ln2hi); /* Exact. */
- x= hi - (lo = k*ln2lo-c);
- /* return 2^k*[1+x+x*c/(2+c)] */
- z=x*x;
- c= x - z*(p1+z*(p2+z*(p3+z*(p4+z*p5))));
- c = (x*c)/(2.0-c);
-
- return scalb(1.+(hi-(lo - c)), k);
- }
- /* end of x > lntiny */
-
- else
- /* exp(-big#) underflows to zero */
- if(finite(x)) return(scalb(1.0,-5000));
-
- /* exp(-INF) is zero */
- else return(0.0);
- }
- /* end of x < lnhuge */
-
- else
- /* exp(INF) is INF, exp(+big#) overflows to INF */
- return( finite(x) ? scalb(1.0,5000) : x);
-}