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diff --git a/manual/creature.texi b/manual/creature.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 23218bbac3..0000000000 --- a/manual/creature.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,249 +0,0 @@ -@node Feature Test Macros -@subsection Feature Test Macros - -@cindex feature test macros -The exact set of features available when you compile a source file -is controlled by which @dfn{feature test macros} you define. - -If you compile your programs using @samp{gcc -ansi}, you get only the -@w{ISO C} library features, unless you explicitly request additional -features by defining one or more of the feature macros. -@xref{Invoking GCC,, GNU CC Command Options, gcc.info, The GNU CC Manual}, -for more information about GCC options.@refill - -You should define these macros by using @samp{#define} preprocessor -directives at the top of your source code files. These directives -@emph{must} come before any @code{#include} of a system header file. It -is best to make them the very first thing in the file, preceded only by -comments. You could also use the @samp{-D} option to GCC, but it's -better if you make the source files indicate their own meaning in a -self-contained way. - -This system exists to allow the library to conform to multiple standards. -Although the different standards are often described as supersets of each -other, they are usually incompatible because larger standards require -functions with names that smaller ones reserve to the user program. This -is not mere pedantry --- it has been a problem in practice. For instance, -some non-GNU programs define functions named @code{getline} that have -nothing to do with this library's @code{getline}. They would not be -compilable if all features were enabled indiscriminately. - -This should not be used to verify that a program conforms to a limited -standard. It is insufficient for this purpose, as it will not protect you -from including header files outside the standard, or relying on semantics -undefined within the standard. - -@comment (none) -@comment POSIX.1 -@defvr Macro _POSIX_SOURCE -If you define this macro, then the functionality from the POSIX.1 -standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1) is available, as well as all of the -@w{ISO C} facilities. - -The state of @code{_POSIX_SOURCE} is irrelevant if you define the -macro @code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} to a positive integer. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment POSIX.2 -@defvr Macro _POSIX_C_SOURCE -Define this macro to a positive integer to control which POSIX -functionality is made available. The greater the value of this macro, -the more functionality is made available. - -If you define this macro to a value greater than or equal to @code{1}, -then the functionality from the 1990 edition of the POSIX.1 standard -(IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990) is made available. - -If you define this macro to a value greater than or equal to @code{2}, -then the functionality from the 1992 edition of the POSIX.2 standard -(IEEE Standard 1003.2-1992) is made available. - -If you define this macro to a value greater than or equal to @code{199309L}, -then the functionality from the 1993 edition of the POSIX.1b standard -(IEEE Standard 1003.1b-1993) is made available. - -Greater values for @code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} will enable future extensions. -The POSIX standards process will define these values as necessary, and -@theglibc{} should support them some time after they become standardized. -The 1996 edition of POSIX.1 (ISO/IEC 9945-1: 1996) states that -if you define @code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} to a value greater than -or equal to @code{199506L}, then the functionality from the 1996 -edition is made available. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment X/Open -@defvr Macro _XOPEN_SOURCE -@comment (none) -@comment X/Open -@defvrx Macro _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED -If you define this macro, functionality described in the X/Open -Portability Guide is included. This is a superset of the POSIX.1 and -POSIX.2 functionality and in fact @code{_POSIX_SOURCE} and -@code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} are automatically defined. - -As the unification of all Unices, functionality only available in -BSD and SVID is also included. - -If the macro @code{_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED} is also defined, even more -functionality is available. The extra functions will make all functions -available which are necessary for the X/Open Unix brand. - -If the macro @code{_XOPEN_SOURCE} has the value @math{500} this includes -all functionality described so far plus some new definitions from the -Single Unix Specification, @w{version 2}. -@end defvr - -@comment (NONE) -@comment X/Open -@defvr Macro _LARGEFILE_SOURCE -If this macro is defined some extra functions are available which -rectify a few shortcomings in all previous standards. Specifically, -the functions @code{fseeko} and @code{ftello} are available. Without -these functions the difference between the @w{ISO C} interface -(@code{fseek}, @code{ftell}) and the low-level POSIX interface -(@code{lseek}) would lead to problems. - -This macro was introduced as part of the Large File Support extension (LFS). -@end defvr - -@comment (NONE) -@comment X/Open -@defvr Macro _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -If you define this macro an additional set of functions is made available -which enables @w{32 bit} systems to use files of sizes beyond -the usual limit of 2GB. This interface is not available if the system -does not support files that large. On systems where the natural file -size limit is greater than 2GB (i.e., on @w{64 bit} systems) the new -functions are identical to the replaced functions. - -The new functionality is made available by a new set of types and -functions which replace the existing ones. The names of these new objects -contain @code{64} to indicate the intention, e.g., @code{off_t} -vs. @code{off64_t} and @code{fseeko} vs. @code{fseeko64}. - -This macro was introduced as part of the Large File Support extension -(LFS). It is a transition interface for the period when @w{64 bit} -offsets are not generally used (see @code{_FILE_OFFSET_BITS}). -@end defvr - -@comment (NONE) -@comment X/Open -@defvr Macro _FILE_OFFSET_BITS -This macro determines which file system interface shall be used, one -replacing the other. Whereas @code{_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE} makes the @w{64 -bit} interface available as an additional interface, -@code{_FILE_OFFSET_BITS} allows the @w{64 bit} interface to -replace the old interface. - -If @code{_FILE_OFFSET_BITS} is undefined, or if it is defined to the -value @code{32}, nothing changes. The @w{32 bit} interface is used and -types like @code{off_t} have a size of @w{32 bits} on @w{32 bit} -systems. - -If the macro is defined to the value @code{64}, the large file interface -replaces the old interface. I.e., the functions are not made available -under different names (as they are with @code{_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE}). -Instead the old function names now reference the new functions, e.g., a -call to @code{fseeko} now indeed calls @code{fseeko64}. - -This macro should only be selected if the system provides mechanisms for -handling large files. On @w{64 bit} systems this macro has no effect -since the @code{*64} functions are identical to the normal functions. - -This macro was introduced as part of the Large File Support extension -(LFS). -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment GNU -@defvr Macro _ISOC99_SOURCE -Until the revised @w{ISO C} standard is widely adopted the new features -are not automatically enabled. @Theglibc{} nevertheless has a complete -implementation of the new standard and to enable the new features the -macro @code{_ISOC99_SOURCE} should be defined. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment ISO -@defvr Macro __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT2__ -If you define this macro to the value @code{1}, features from ISO/IEC -TR 24731-2:2010 (Dynamic Allocation Functions) are enabled. Only some -of the features from this TR are supported by @theglibc{}. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment ISO -@defvr Macro __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_BFP_EXT__ -If you define this macro, features from ISO/IEC TS 18661-1:2014 -(Floating-point extensions for C: Binary floating-point arithmetic) -are enabled. Only some of the features from this TS are supported by -@theglibc{}. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment ISO -@defvr Macro __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_FUNCS_EXT__ -If you define this macro, features from ISO/IEC TS 18661-4:2015 -(Floating-point extensions for C: Supplementary functions) are -enabled. Only some of the features from this TS are supported by -@theglibc{}. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment ISO -@defvr Macro __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__ -If you define this macro, features from ISO/IEC TS 18661-3:2015 -(Floating-point extensions for C: Interchange and extended types) are -enabled. Only some of the features from this TS are supported by -@theglibc{}. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment GNU -@defvr Macro _GNU_SOURCE -If you define this macro, everything is included: @w{ISO C89}, @w{ISO -C99}, POSIX.1, POSIX.2, BSD, SVID, X/Open, LFS, and GNU extensions. In -the cases where POSIX.1 conflicts with BSD, the POSIX definitions take -precedence. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment GNU -@defvr Macro _DEFAULT_SOURCE -If you define this macro, most features are included apart from -X/Open, LFS and GNU extensions: the effect is to enable features from -the 2008 edition of POSIX, as well as certain BSD and SVID features -without a separate feature test macro to control them. Defining this -macro, on its own and without using compiler options such as -@option{-ansi} or @option{-std=c99}, has the same effect as not -defining any feature test macros; defining it together with other -feature test macros, or when options such as @option{-ansi} are used, -enables those features even when the other options would otherwise -cause them to be disabled. -@end defvr - -@comment (none) -@comment GNU -@defvr Macro _REENTRANT -@defvrx Macro _THREAD_SAFE -These macros are obsolete. They have the same effect as defining -@code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} with the value @code{199506L}. - -Some very old C libraries required one of these macros to be defined -for basic functionality (e.g.@: @code{getchar}) to be thread-safe. -@end defvr - -We recommend you use @code{_GNU_SOURCE} in new programs. If you don't -specify the @samp{-ansi} option to GCC, or other conformance options -such as @option{-std=c99}, and don't define any of these macros -explicitly, the effect is the same as defining @code{_DEFAULT_SOURCE} -to 1. - -When you define a feature test macro to request a larger class of features, -it is harmless to define in addition a feature test macro for a subset of -those features. For example, if you define @code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE}, then -defining @code{_POSIX_SOURCE} as well has no effect. Likewise, if you -define @code{_GNU_SOURCE}, then defining either @code{_POSIX_SOURCE} or -@code{_POSIX_C_SOURCE} as well has no effect. |