Update.

	* timezone/private.h: Update from tzcode1999e.
	* timezone/zic.c: Likewise.

	* timezone/africa: Update from tzdata1999e.
	* timezone/antarctica: Likewise.
	* timezone/asia: Likewise.
	* timezone/australasia: Likewise.
	* timezone/europe: Likewise.
	* timezone/leapseconds: Likewise.
	* timezone/northamerica: Likewise.
	* timezone/southamerica: Likewise.

11 files changed, 255 insertions, 157 deletions

diff --git a/timezone/README b/timezone/README
index a9490fa001..d5bf708074 100644
--- a/timezone/README
+++ b/timezone/README
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 The files
 	zic.c zdump.c ialloc.c scheck.c tzfile.h
 	private.h tzselect.ksh checktab.awk
-come from the tzcode1999c package by Arthur David Olson et.al.
+come from the tzcode1999e package by Arthur David Olson et.al.
 
 The files
 	africa antarctica asia australasia europe
 	northamerica southamerica pacificnew etcetera factory
 	backward systemv solar87 solar88 solar89
 	iso3166.tab zone.tab leapseconds yearistype
-come from the tzdata1999c package by Arthur David Olson et.al.
+come from the tzdata1999e package by Arthur David Olson et.al.
 
 These packages may be found at ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/.  Commentary
 should be addressed to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov.
diff --git a/timezone/africa b/timezone/africa
index f0cf017fd2..c728eceb0f 100644
--- a/timezone/africa
+++ b/timezone/africa
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)africa	7.28
+# @(#)africa	7.30
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
@@ -442,10 +442,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
 #
 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
-# <a href="http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm">
-# Iles Eparses
-# </a>
-# (1997-07-22, in French).  We have no info about their time zone histories.
+# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
diff --git a/timezone/antarctica b/timezone/antarctica
index feee35033f..82d8299d24 100644
--- a/timezone/antarctica
+++ b/timezone/antarctica
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)antarctica	7.15
+# @(#)antarctica	7.16
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	___	1947
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	___	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
 # See:
-# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/jare.html">
-# Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1998-04-09)
+# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # </a>
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
diff --git a/timezone/asia b/timezone/asia
index 23047d5229..dc09affd2d 100644
--- a/timezone/asia
+++ b/timezone/asia
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -648,6 +648,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
+# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-05-08):
+# Jordan do not have DST this year.  It also seems that they are not going
+# to use it the next years either.  "We do not need it" was the answer I got
+# from the Jordan National Information Centre (http://www.nic.gov.jo).
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -666,9 +671,9 @@ Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule    Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1993	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule    Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule    Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1995	max	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule    Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
@@ -948,7 +953,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# Howse writes that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -992,9 +997,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Sri Lanka
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html">
-# Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24)
-# </a>
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
 # Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995).
diff --git a/timezone/australasia b/timezone/australasia
index c5b018e952..e75edd5053 100644
--- a/timezone/australasia
+++ b/timezone/australasia
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)australasia	7.46
+# @(#)australasia	7.48
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
@@ -68,13 +68,15 @@ Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	AS	1987	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AS	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1990	1994	even	Mar	Sun>=18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1990	1994	odd	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AS	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ Rule	AV	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1995	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	26	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1996	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	26	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	2001	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
 # Tonga
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TOT	1968 Oct # Tonga Time
+			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
 			13:00	-	TOT
 
 # Tuvalu
@@ -473,7 +475,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # </a>
 # ACT
-# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
+# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # </a>
 # SA
@@ -806,15 +808,23 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Prem Bob Carr announced NSW will fall into line with other E states
 # and SA and continue daylight savings to the last Sun in Mar.
 
-# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1997-06-12):
-# The NSW state government in Australia is talking about bringing the start
-# of daylight savings time forward in the year 2000 to cater for the Olympics.
-# This is going to take some time to be negotiated, because the plan is to do
-# this in multiple states due to soccer games (which are not just in Sydney).
+# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+# October in 2000.  Victoria and South Australia are expected to adopt this
+# change, Queensland is unlikely.  [See: Matthew Moore,
+# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
+# Two months more daylight saving
+# </a>
+# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
+
+# Also see the following official NSW source:
+# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+# </a>
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 26, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
@@ -897,9 +907,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Fiji
 
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
-# Perhaps it didn't take.  We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
@@ -934,7 +944,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data.  See also Asia/Manila.
@@ -950,7 +960,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Samoa
 
-# Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
@@ -961,3 +972,38 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
+# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+# </a>:
+
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of th 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
+# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
diff --git a/timezone/europe b/timezone/europe
index 3053e5078e..50440e5cc4 100644
--- a/timezone/europe
+++ b/timezone/europe
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)europe	7.60
+# @(#)europe	7.62
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -100,31 +100,32 @@
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
-# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
-# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
+# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
+# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847 Sep 22 the
+# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
+# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
+# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
+# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
 # railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
-# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
+# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
+# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
 # one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
+# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
 #
 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22.  We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
+# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
+# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
@@ -154,6 +155,8 @@
 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
 
+# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
+
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
 # The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
 # legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
@@ -749,17 +752,17 @@
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
-# reports that Cheriton Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time (CT),
-# equivalent to French civil time.
+# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
+# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
-# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility just outside Cheriton)
+# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
 # and Frethun run in CT.
 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
-# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST for Cheriton.
+# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
 
 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
@@ -880,7 +883,7 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
+Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
@@ -1875,13 +1878,24 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977 Apr  3 1:00
-			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT
+			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1999
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
-# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
-# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
+# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
+# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
 # </a>
 # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
 # Stick with W-Eur for now.
+#
+# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
+# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
+# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
+# worth further discussion.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
+# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
+# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details.  Assume they switched to
+# EU rules in 1999.
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
 #
diff --git a/timezone/leapseconds b/timezone/leapseconds
index 1cd114b91f..82a8ddf3f1 100644
--- a/timezone/leapseconds
+++ b/timezone/leapseconds
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds	7.11
+# @(#)leapseconds	7.12
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of TAI (atomic time); see
+# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
diff --git a/timezone/northamerica b/timezone/northamerica
index 8743f4b49e..c545344647 100644
--- a/timezone/northamerica
+++ b/timezone/northamerica
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)northamerica	7.44
+# @(#)northamerica	7.45
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@
 
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
@@ -293,6 +304,11 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 
 # Indiana
 #
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
+# What time is it in Indiana?
+# </a> (1999-04-06)
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Indiana generally observes either EST all year, or CST/CDT,
 # but areas near Cincinnati and Louisville use those cities' timekeeping
@@ -398,9 +414,10 @@ Zone America/Louisville	-5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
-# but Howse writes that Detroit kept
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
diff --git a/timezone/private.h b/timezone/private.h
index f2c0558a16..75b3cb1831 100644
--- a/timezone/private.h
+++ b/timezone/private.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 #ifndef lint
 #ifndef NOID
-static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.h	7.48";
+static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.h	7.49";
 #endif /* !defined NOID */
 #endif /* !defined lint */
 
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.h	7.48";
 #define HAVE_SYMLINK		1
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SYMLINK */
 
+#ifndef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
+#define HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H		1
+#endif /* !defined HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H */
+
 #ifndef HAVE_UNISTD_H
 #define HAVE_UNISTD_H		1
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_UNISTD_H */
@@ -78,6 +82,17 @@ static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.h	7.48";
 #include "libintl.h"
 #endif /* HAVE_GETTEXT - 0 */
 
+#if HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H - 0
+#include <sys/wait.h>	/* for WIFEXITED and WEXITSTATUS */
+#endif /* HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H - 0 */
+
+#ifndef WIFEXITED
+#define WIFEXITED(status)	(((status) & 0xff) == 0)
+#endif /* !defined WIFEXITED */
+#ifndef WEXITSTATUS
+#define WEXITSTATUS(status)	(((status) >> 8) & 0xff)
+#endif /* !defined WEXITSTATUS */
+
 #if HAVE_UNISTD_H - 0
 #include "unistd.h"	/* for F_OK and R_OK */
 #endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H - 0 */
diff --git a/timezone/southamerica b/timezone/southamerica
index 35678b9027..bb3ae36dd1 100644
--- a/timezone/southamerica
+++ b/timezone/southamerica
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)southamerica	7.27
+# @(#)southamerica	7.28
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-07-07):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
@@ -18,16 +18,6 @@
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
 # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
-# The following abbreviations are used in this file.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#		std	dst
-#		LMT		Local Mean Time
-#	-2:00	FST	FDT	Fernando de Noronha
-#	-3:00	EST	EDT	Eastern Brazil
-#	-4:00	WST	WDT	Western Brazil
-#	-4:00	AST	ADT	Atlantic
-#	-5:00	AST	ADT	Acre
-#
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
@@ -36,15 +26,24 @@
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
-
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987).  Countries not
-# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG.  Time zone names
-# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
-# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated.  The times that DST
-# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
-# as everybody else does.
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+# "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+#	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+#	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+#	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+#	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
+#	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
+#	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+#		std	dst
+#	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
+#	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
+#	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
+#	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -253,18 +252,18 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm">23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm">27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm">27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm">32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
-Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm">34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm">52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
@@ -272,52 +271,52 @@ Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm">53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm">53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm">55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm">57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm">57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm">63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm">91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm">94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm">96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm">98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm">99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm">Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm">942</a> (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm">1,252</a> (1994-09-22)
@@ -326,13 +325,13 @@ Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	S
 # adopted by same states, plus TO.
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm">1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm">2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
@@ -347,79 +346,79 @@ Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	S
 # Church Net UK (1997-10-02).
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG">2,495</a>
 # (1998-02-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg">2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before,
 # specifies only the 1998-10-11 and 1999-02-21 transitions;
 # after that, these rules are guesses and are quite possibly wrong,
 # but they are more likely than no DST at all.
-Rule	Brazil	1998	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1998	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Brazil	1999	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	F%sT	1990 Jul
-			-2:00	-	FST
+			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Jul
+			-2:00	-	FNT
 #
 # Amapa, east Para
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1988 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba,
 # Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Tocantins
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Alagoas, Sergipe
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1990 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST	1995 Jul
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1996 Jul
-			-3:00	-	EST
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Jul
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Jul
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro,
 # Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
-			-3:00	-	EDT	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
+			-3:00	-	BRST	1964
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1990 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1990 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Roraima, west Para, Rondonia
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Amazonas
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1988 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST	1993 Jul
-			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT	1994 Jul
-			-4:00	-	WST
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Jul
+			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Acre
 # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
 Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	A%sT	1988 Jul
-			-5:00	-	AST
+			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Jul
+			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
 # Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
 
diff --git a/timezone/zic.c b/timezone/zic.c
index de706e8316..ddf155f279 100644
--- a/timezone/zic.c
+++ b/timezone/zic.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef lint
 #ifndef NOID
-static char	elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c	7.99";
+static char    elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c  7.100";
 #endif /* !defined NOID */
 #endif /* !defined lint */
 
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ const char * const	tofile;
 		result = link(fromname, toname);
 #if (HAVE_SYMLINK - 0)
 		if (result != 0) {
-		        char *s = (char *) tofile;
+		        const char *s = tofile;
 		        register char *symlinkcontents = NULL;
 		        while ((s = strchr(s+1, '/')) != NULL)
 			        symlinkcontents = ecatalloc(symlinkcontents, "../");
@@ -1918,10 +1918,12 @@ const char * const	type;
 	buf = erealloc(buf, (int) (132 + strlen(yitcommand) + strlen(type)));
 	(void) sprintf(buf, "%s %d %s", yitcommand, year, type);
 	result = system(buf);
-	if (result == 0)
-		return TRUE;
-	if (result == (1 << 8))
-		return FALSE;
+	if (WIFEXITED(result)) switch (WEXITSTATUS(result)) {
+		case 0:
+			return TRUE;
+		case 1:
+			return FALSE;
+	}
 	error(_("Wild result from command execution"));
 	(void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: command was '%s', result was %d\n"),
 		progname, buf, result);