powerpc: Runtime selection between sc and scv for syscalls

Linux kernel v5.9 added support for system calls using the scv
instruction for POWER9 and later.  The new codepath provides better
performance (see below) if compared to using sc.  For the
foreseeable future, both sc and scv mechanisms will co-exist, so this
patch enables glibc to do a runtime check and use scv when it is
available.

Before issuing the system call to the kernel, we check hwcap2 in the TCB
for PPC_FEATURE2_SCV to see if scv is supported by the kernel.  If not,
we fallback to sc and keep the old behavior.

The kernel implements a different error return convention for scv, so
when returning from a system call we need to handle the return value
differently depending on the instruction we used to enter the kernel.

For syscalls implemented in ASM, entry and exit are implemented by
different macros (PSEUDO and PSEUDO_RET, resp.), which may be used in
sequence (e.g. for templated syscalls) or with other instructions in
between (e.g. clone).  To avoid accessing the TCB a second time on
PSEUDO_RET to check which instruction we used, the value read from
hwcap2 is cached on a non-volatile register.

This is not needed when using INTERNAL_SYSCALL macro, since entry and
exit are bundled into the same inline asm directive.

The dynamic loader may issue syscalls before the TCB has been setup
so it always uses sc with no extra checks.  For the static case, there
is no compile-time way to determine if we are inside startup code,
so we also check the value of the thread pointer before effectively
accessing the TCB.  For such situations in which the availability of
scv cannot be determined, sc is always used.

Support for scv in syscalls implemented in their own ASM file (clone and
vfork) will be added later. For now simply use sc as before.

Average performance over 1M calls for each syscall "type":
  - stat: C wrapper calling INTERNAL_SYSCALL
  - getpid: templated ASM syscall
  - syscall: call to gettid using syscall function

  Standard:
     stat : 1.573445 us / ~3619 cycles
   getpid : 0.164986 us / ~379 cycles
  syscall : 0.162743 us / ~374 cycles

  With scv:
     stat : 1.537049 us / ~3535 cycles <~ -84 cycles  / -2.32%
   getpid : 0.109923 us / ~253 cycles  <~ -126 cycles / -33.25%
  syscall : 0.116410 us / ~268 cycles  <~ -106 cycles / -28.34%

Tested on powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le (with and without scv)

Tested-by: Lucas A. M. Magalhães <lamm@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.ibm.com>

2 files changed, 126 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/sysdep.h b/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/sysdep.h
index 829eec266a..a3fc1f0ca7 100644
--- a/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/sysdep.h
+++ b/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc32/sysdep.h
@@ -92,7 +92,10 @@ GOT_LABEL:			;					      \
 
 #define DO_CALL(syscall)						      \
     li 0,syscall;							      \
-    sc
+    DO_CALL_SC
+
+#define DO_CALL_SC \
+	sc
 
 #undef JUMPTARGET
 #ifdef PIC
@@ -106,14 +109,20 @@ GOT_LABEL:			;					      \
 # define HIDDEN_JUMPTARGET(name) __GI_##name##@local
 #endif
 
+#define TAIL_CALL_SYSCALL_ERROR \
+    b __syscall_error@local
+
 #define PSEUDO(name, syscall_name, args)				      \
   .section ".text";							      \
   ENTRY (name)								      \
     DO_CALL (SYS_ify (syscall_name));
 
+#define RET_SC \
+    bnslr+;
+
 #define PSEUDO_RET							      \
-    bnslr+;								      \
-    b __syscall_error@local
+    RET_SC;								      \
+    TAIL_CALL_SYSCALL_ERROR
 #define ret PSEUDO_RET
 
 #undef	PSEUDO_END
diff --git a/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc64/sysdep.h b/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc64/sysdep.h
index d557098898..f6a0619743 100644
--- a/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc64/sysdep.h
+++ b/sysdeps/powerpc/powerpc64/sysdep.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
 #include <sysdeps/powerpc/sysdep.h>
+#include <tls.h>
 
 #ifdef __ASSEMBLER__
 
@@ -263,10 +264,80 @@ LT_LABELSUFFIX(name,_name_end): ; \
   TRACEBACK_MASK(name,mask);	\
   END_2(name)
 
-#define DO_CALL(syscall) \
-    li 0,syscall; \
+/* We will allocate a new frame to save LR and the non-volatile register used to
+   read the TCB when checking for scv support on syscall code.  We actually just
+   need the minimum frame size plus room for 1 reg (8 bytes).  But the ABI
+   mandates stack frames should be aligned at 16 Bytes, so we end up allocating
+   a bit more space then what will actually be used.  */
+#define SCV_FRAME_SIZE (FRAME_MIN_SIZE+16)
+#define SCV_FRAME_NVOLREG_SAVE FRAME_MIN_SIZE
+
+/* Allocate frame and save register */
+#define NVOLREG_SAVE \
+    stdu r1,-SCV_FRAME_SIZE(r1); \
+    std r31,SCV_FRAME_NVOLREG_SAVE(r1); \
+    cfi_adjust_cfa_offset(SCV_FRAME_SIZE);
+
+/* Restore register and destroy frame */
+#define NVOLREG_RESTORE	\
+    ld r31,SCV_FRAME_NVOLREG_SAVE(r1); \
+    addi r1,r1,SCV_FRAME_SIZE; \
+    cfi_adjust_cfa_offset(-SCV_FRAME_SIZE);
+
+/* Check PPC_FEATURE2_SCV bit from hwcap2 in the TCB.  If it is not set, scv is
+   not available, then go to JUMPFALSE (label given by the macro's caller).  We
+   save the value we read from the TCB in a non-volatile register so we can
+   reuse it later when exiting from the syscall in PSEUDO_RET.  Note that for
+   the static case we need an extra check to guarantee the thread pointer has
+   already been initialized, otherwise we may try to access an invalid address
+   if a syscall is called before the TLS has been setup.  */
+    .macro CHECK_SCV_SUPPORT REG JUMPFALSE
+
+#ifndef SHARED
+    /* Check if thread pointer has already been setup.  */
+    cmpdi r13,0
+    beq \JUMPFALSE
+#endif
+
+    /* Read PPC_FEATURE2_SCV from TCB and store it in REG */
+    ld \REG,TCB_HWCAP(PT_THREAD_POINTER)
+    andis. \REG,\REG,PPC_FEATURE2_SCV>>16
+
+    beq \JUMPFALSE
+    .endm
+
+#if IS_IN(rtld)
+# define DO_CALL(syscall) \
+    li r0,syscall; \
+    DO_CALL_SC
+#else
+/* Before doing the syscall, check if we can use scv.  scv is supported by P9
+   and later with Linux v5.9 and later.  If so, use it.  Otherwise, fallback to
+   sc.  We use a non-volatile register to save hwcap2 from the TCB, so we need
+   to save its content beforehand.  */
+# define DO_CALL(syscall) \
+    li r0,syscall; \
+    NVOLREG_SAVE; \
+    CHECK_SCV_SUPPORT r31 0f; \
+    DO_CALL_SCV; \
+    b 1f; \
+0:  DO_CALL_SC; \
+1:
+#endif /* IS_IN(rtld) */
+
+/* DO_CALL_SC and DO_CALL_SCV expect the syscall number to be in r0.  */
+#define DO_CALL_SC \
     sc
 
+#define DO_CALL_SCV \
+    mflr r9; \
+    std r9,FRAME_LR_SAVE(r1); \
+    cfi_offset(lr,FRAME_LR_SAVE); \
+    scv 0; \
+    ld r9,FRAME_LR_SAVE(r1); \
+    mtlr r9; \
+    cfi_restore(lr);
+
 /* ppc64 is always PIC */
 #undef JUMPTARGET
 #define JUMPTARGET(name) FUNC_LABEL(name)
@@ -304,9 +375,32 @@ LT_LABELSUFFIX(name,_name_end): ; \
     .endif
 #endif
 
-#define PSEUDO_RET \
-    bnslr+; \
+#if IS_IN(rtld)
+# define PSEUDO_RET \
+    RET_SC; \
     TAIL_CALL_SYSCALL_ERROR
+#else
+/* This should only be called after a DO_CALL.  In such cases, r31 contains the
+   value of PPC_FEATURE2_SCV read from hwcap2 by CHECK_SCV_SUPPORT.  If it is
+   set, we know we have entered the kernel using scv, so handle the return code
+   accordingly.  */
+# define PSEUDO_RET \
+    cmpdi cr5,r31,0; \
+    NVOLREG_RESTORE; \
+    beq cr5,0f; \
+    RET_SCV; \
+    b 1f; \
+0:  RET_SC; \
+1:  TAIL_CALL_SYSCALL_ERROR
+#endif
+
+#define RET_SCV \
+    cmpdi r3,0; \
+    bgelr+; \
+    neg r3,r3;
+
+#define RET_SC \
+    bnslr+;
 
 #define ret PSEUDO_RET
 
@@ -319,8 +413,15 @@ LT_LABELSUFFIX(name,_name_end): ; \
   ENTRY (name);						\
   DO_CALL (SYS_ify (syscall_name))
 
-#define PSEUDO_RET_NOERRNO \
+#if IS_IN(rtld)
+# define PSEUDO_RET_NOERRNO \
     blr
+#else
+/* This should only be called after a DO_CALL.  */
+# define PSEUDO_RET_NOERRNO \
+    NVOLREG_RESTORE; \
+    blr
+#endif /* IS_IN(rtld) */
 
 #define ret_NOERRNO PSEUDO_RET_NOERRNO
 
@@ -333,8 +434,15 @@ LT_LABELSUFFIX(name,_name_end): ; \
   ENTRY (name);						\
   DO_CALL (SYS_ify (syscall_name))
 
-#define PSEUDO_RET_ERRVAL \
+#if IS_IN(rtld)
+# define PSEUDO_RET_ERRVAL \
+    blr
+#else
+/* This should only be called after a DO_CALL.  */
+# define PSEUDO_RET_ERRVAL \
+    NVOLREG_RESTORE; \
     blr
+#endif /* IS_IN(rtld) */
 
 #define ret_ERRVAL PSEUDO_RET_ERRVAL