Fix _dl_profile_fixup data-dependency issue (Bug 23690)

There is a data-dependency between the fields of struct l_reloc_result
and the field used as the initialization guard. Users of the guard
expect writes to the structure to be observable when they also observe
the guard initialized. The solution for this problem is to use an acquire
and release load and store to ensure previous writes to the structure are
observable if the guard is initialized.

The previous implementation used DL_FIXUP_VALUE_ADDR (l_reloc_result->addr)
as the initialization guard, making it impossible for some architectures
to load and store it atomically, i.e. hppa and ia64, due to its larger size.

This commit adds an unsigned int to l_reloc_result to be used as the new
initialization guard of the struct, making it possible to load and store
it atomically in all architectures. The fix ensures that the values
observed in l_reloc_result are consistent and do not lead to crashes.
The algorithm is documented in the code in elf/dl-runtime.c
(_dl_profile_fixup). Not all data races have been eliminated.

Tested with build-many-glibcs and on powerpc, powerpc64, and powerpc64le.

	[BZ #23690]
	* elf/dl-runtime.c (_dl_profile_fixup): Guarantee memory
	modification order when accessing reloc_result->addr.
	* include/link.h (reloc_result): Add field init.
	* nptl/Makefile (tests): Add tst-audit-threads.
	(modules-names): Add tst-audit-threads-mod1 and
	tst-audit-threads-mod2.
	Add rules to build tst-audit-threads.
	* nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod1.c: New file.
	* nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod2.c: Likewise.
	* nptl/tst-audit-threads.c: Likewise.
	* nptl/tst-audit-threads.h: Likewise.

Signed-off-by: Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>

5 files changed, 297 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/nptl/Makefile b/nptl/Makefile
index 982e43adfa..98b0aa01c7 100644
--- a/nptl/Makefile
+++ b/nptl/Makefile
@@ -382,7 +382,8 @@ tests += tst-cancelx2 tst-cancelx3 tst-cancelx4 tst-cancelx5 \
 	 tst-cleanupx0 tst-cleanupx1 tst-cleanupx2 tst-cleanupx3 tst-cleanupx4 \
 	 tst-oncex3 tst-oncex4
 ifeq ($(build-shared),yes)
-tests += tst-atfork2 tst-tls4 tst-_res1 tst-fini1 tst-compat-forwarder
+tests += tst-atfork2 tst-tls4 tst-_res1 tst-fini1 tst-compat-forwarder \
+	 tst-audit-threads
 tests-internal += tst-tls3 tst-tls3-malloc tst-tls5 tst-stackguard1
 tests-nolibpthread += tst-fini1
 ifeq ($(have-z-execstack),yes)
@@ -394,7 +395,8 @@ modules-names = tst-atfork2mod tst-tls3mod tst-tls4moda tst-tls4modb \
 		tst-tls5mod tst-tls5moda tst-tls5modb tst-tls5modc \
 		tst-tls5modd tst-tls5mode tst-tls5modf tst-stack4mod \
 		tst-_res1mod1 tst-_res1mod2 tst-execstack-mod tst-fini1mod \
-		tst-join7mod tst-compat-forwarder-mod
+		tst-join7mod tst-compat-forwarder-mod tst-audit-threads-mod1 \
+		tst-audit-threads-mod2
 extra-test-objs += $(addsuffix .os,$(strip $(modules-names))) \
 		   tst-cleanup4aux.o tst-cleanupx4aux.o
 test-extras += tst-cleanup4aux tst-cleanupx4aux
@@ -712,6 +714,14 @@ $(objpfx)tst-compat-forwarder: $(objpfx)tst-compat-forwarder-mod.so
 
 tst-mutex10-ENV = GLIBC_TUNABLES=glibc.elision.enable=1
 
+# Protect against a build using -Wl,-z,now.
+LDFLAGS-tst-audit-threads-mod1.so = -Wl,-z,lazy
+LDFLAGS-tst-audit-threads-mod2.so = -Wl,-z,lazy
+LDFLAGS-tst-audit-threads = -Wl,-z,lazy
+$(objpfx)tst-audit-threads: $(objpfx)tst-audit-threads-mod2.so
+$(objpfx)tst-audit-threads.out: $(objpfx)tst-audit-threads-mod1.so
+tst-audit-threads-ENV = LD_AUDIT=$(objpfx)tst-audit-threads-mod1.so
+
 # The tests here better do not run in parallel
 ifneq ($(filter %tests,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 .NOTPARALLEL:
diff --git a/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod1.c b/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..615d5ee512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* Dummy audit library for test-audit-threads.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <link.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/* We must use a dummy LD_AUDIT module to force the dynamic loader to
+   *not* update the real PLT, and instead use a cached value for the
+   lazy resolution result.  It is the update of that cached value that
+   we are testing for correctness by doing this.  */
+
+/* Library to be audited.  */
+#define LIB "tst-audit-threads-mod2.so"
+/* CALLNUM is the number of retNum functions.  */
+#define CALLNUM 7999
+
+#define CONCATX(a, b) __CONCAT (a, b)
+
+static int previous = 0;
+
+unsigned int
+la_version (unsigned int ver)
+{
+  return 1;
+}
+
+unsigned int
+la_objopen (struct link_map *map, Lmid_t lmid, uintptr_t *cookie)
+{
+  return LA_FLG_BINDTO | LA_FLG_BINDFROM;
+}
+
+uintptr_t
+CONCATX(la_symbind, __ELF_NATIVE_CLASS) (ElfW(Sym) *sym,
+					unsigned int ndx,
+					uintptr_t *refcook,
+					uintptr_t *defcook,
+					unsigned int *flags,
+					const char *symname)
+{
+  const char * retnum = "retNum";
+  char * num = strstr (symname, retnum);
+  int n;
+  /* Validate if the symbols are getting called in the correct order.
+     This code is here to verify binutils does not optimize out the PLT
+     entries that require the symbol binding.  */
+  if (num != NULL)
+    {
+      n = atoi (num);
+      assert (n >= previous);
+      assert (n <= CALLNUM);
+      previous = n;
+    }
+  return sym->st_value;
+}
diff --git a/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod2.c b/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9817dd3dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nptl/tst-audit-threads-mod2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* Shared object with a huge number of functions for test-audit-threads.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* Define all the retNumN functions in a library.  */
+#define definenum
+#include "tst-audit-threads.h"
diff --git a/nptl/tst-audit-threads.c b/nptl/tst-audit-threads.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4bf433bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nptl/tst-audit-threads.c
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/* Test multi-threading using LD_AUDIT.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* This test uses a dummy LD_AUDIT library (test-audit-threads-mod1) and a
+   library with a huge number of functions in order to validate lazy symbol
+   binding with an audit library.  We use one thread per CPU to test that
+   concurrent lazy resolution does not have any defects which would cause
+   the process to fail.  We use an LD_AUDIT library to force the testing of
+   the relocation resolution caching code in the dynamic loader i.e.
+   _dl_runtime_profile and _dl_profile_fixup.  */
+
+#include <support/xthread.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
+
+static int do_test (void);
+
+/* This test usually takes less than 3s to run.  However, there are cases that
+   take up to 30s.  */
+#define TIMEOUT 60
+#define TEST_FUNCTION do_test ()
+#include "../test-skeleton.c"
+
+/* Declare the functions we are going to call.  */
+#define externnum
+#include "tst-audit-threads.h"
+#undef externnum
+
+int num_threads;
+pthread_barrier_t barrier;
+
+void
+sync_all (int num)
+{
+  pthread_barrier_wait (&barrier);
+}
+
+void
+call_all_ret_nums (void)
+{
+  /* Call each function one at a time from all threads.  */
+#define callnum
+#include "tst-audit-threads.h"
+#undef callnum
+}
+
+void *
+thread_main (void *unused)
+{
+  call_all_ret_nums ();
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+#define STR2(X) #X
+#define STR(X) STR2(X)
+
+static int
+do_test (void)
+{
+  int i;
+  pthread_t *threads;
+
+  num_threads = get_nprocs ();
+  if (num_threads <= 1)
+    num_threads = 2;
+
+  /* Used to synchronize all the threads after calling each retNumN.  */
+  xpthread_barrier_init (&barrier, NULL, num_threads);
+
+  threads = (pthread_t *) xcalloc (num_threads, sizeof(pthread_t));
+  for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
+    threads[i] = xpthread_create(NULL, thread_main, NULL);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++)
+    xpthread_join(threads[i]);
+
+  free (threads);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/nptl/tst-audit-threads.h b/nptl/tst-audit-threads.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c9ecc08df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nptl/tst-audit-threads.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/* Helper header for test-audit-threads.
+
+   Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* We use this helper to create a large number of functions, all of
+   which will be resolved lazily and thus have their PLT updated.
+   This is done to provide enough functions that we can statistically
+   observe a thread vs. PLT resolution failure if one exists.  */
+
+#define CONCAT(a, b) a ## b
+#define NUM(x, y) CONCAT (x, y)
+
+#define FUNC10(x)	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 0));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 1));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 2));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 3));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 4));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 5));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 6));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 7));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 8));	\
+  FUNC (NUM (x, 9))
+
+#define FUNC100(x)	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 0));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 1));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 2));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 3));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 4));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 5));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 6));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 7));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 8));	\
+  FUNC10 (NUM (x, 9))
+
+#define FUNC1000(x)		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 0));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 1));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 2));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 3));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 4));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 5));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 6));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 7));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 8));		\
+  FUNC100 (NUM (x, 9))
+
+#define FUNC7000()	\
+  FUNC1000 (1);		\
+  FUNC1000 (2);		\
+  FUNC1000 (3);		\
+  FUNC1000 (4);		\
+  FUNC1000 (5);		\
+  FUNC1000 (6);		\
+  FUNC1000 (7);
+
+#ifdef FUNC
+# undef FUNC
+#endif
+
+#ifdef externnum
+# define FUNC(x) extern int CONCAT (retNum, x) (void)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef definenum
+# define FUNC(x) int CONCAT (retNum, x) (void) { return x; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef callnum
+# define FUNC(x) CONCAT (retNum, x) (); sync_all (x)
+#endif
+
+/* A value of 7000 functions is chosen as an arbitrarily large
+   number of functions that will allow us enough attempts to
+   verify lazy resolution operation.  */
+FUNC7000 ();