nptl: Fix pthread_rwlock_try*lock stalls (Bug 23844)

For a full analysis of both the pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock() stall
and the pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() stall see:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23844#c14

In the pthread_rwlock_trydlock() function we fail to inspect for
PTHREAD_RWLOCK_FUTEX_USED in __wrphase_futex and wake the waiting
readers.

In the pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() function we write 1 to
__wrphase_futex and loose the setting of the PTHREAD_RWLOCK_FUTEX_USED
bit, again failing to wake waiting readers during unlock.

The fix in the case of pthread_rwlock_trydlock() is to check for
PTHREAD_RWLOCK_FUTEX_USED and wake the readers.

The fix in the case of pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() is to only write
1 to __wrphase_futex if we installed the write phase, since all other
readers would be spinning waiting for this step.

We add two new tests, one exercises the stall for
pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() which is easy to exercise, and one exercises
the stall for pthread_rwlock_trydlock() which is harder to exercise.

The pthread_rwlock_trywrlock() test fails consistently without the fix,
and passes after. The pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock() test fails roughly
5-10% of the time without the fix, and passes all the time after.

Signed-off-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Rik Prohaska <prohaska7@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
Co-authored-by: Rik Prohaska <prohaska7@gmail.com>

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